Etching with roulette, 1811, second state (of six), a rare open letter proof, published 1811, before Etchings and Engravings for the ‘Liber Studiorum’ part VII, plate 35 Plate: 17.8 x 26.4 cm Provenance: P. & D. Colnaghi, London, 3 March 1976 Literature: Finberg 35 Turner produced seventy prints and a frontispiece for the Liber Studiorum as a summary of his ideas on landscape art. He first made watercolours in a brown wash, then etched outlines onto copper plates. On a few of these plates, as here, he then developed the tones with aquatint and mezzotint. On others, the tones were developed by professional engravers under the artist’s guidance. According to Eric Shanes, despite the engraved title on the lettered state, the image does not represent Loch Fyne, but the smaller adjacent Loch Shira (Eric Shanes The True Subject of a Major Late Painting by J. M. W. Turner Identified, The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 126, No. 974 May 1984, pp. 284-288) Unless stated otherwise in the Literature in the Old Master section, references to Bartsch or Hollstein refer to: Bartsch, A., Le Peintre graveur, 21 vols., Vienna, 1803-21 Hollstein, F.W.H., Dutch & Flemish Etchings, Engravings and Woodcuts ca. 1450-1700, published Amsterdam, from 1949 Hollstein, F.W.H., German Engravings, Etchings and Woodcuts ca. 1400-1700, published Amsterdam from 1954 The New Hollstein Dutch & Flemish Etchings, Engravings and Woodcuts 1450 – 1700, from 1993 The New Hollstein German Engravings, Etchings and Woodcuts 1400 – 1700, from 1996 The combined original and new Hollstein series totals more than 350 volumes and have been edited and researched by a large number of scholars over the years. They are now published by Sound & Vision Publishers BV, Ouderkerk aan den Ijssel. Dates for publications relate either to original or later editions Further old Master Literature Baldung Mende, M., Hans Baldung Grien. Das graphische Werk, Unterschneidheim 1978 Blake Binyon, L., The Engraved Designs of William Blake, New York, 1967 Bindman, D., The Complete Graphic Works of William Blake, London, 1978 Callot Lieure, J., Jacques Callot,catalogue de son oeuvre gravé, Paris, 1924-7 Canaletto Bromberg, R., Canaletto’s Etchings, San Francisco, 1993 Dürer Meder. J, Dürer-Katalog: Ein Handbuch über ADs Stiche, Radierungen, Holzschnitte, Vienna, 1932 Schoch, R., Mende, M. & Scherbaum, A., Albrecht Dürer. Das druckgraphische Werk, 3 vols, Munich, 2001-2004 Bartrum, G., Dürer and his Legacy: The Graphic work of a Renaissance artist, London, 2002 Van Dyck Mauquoy-Hendrickx. M., L’Iconographie d’Antoine van Dyck, San Francisco, 1991 Depauw, C. & Luijten, G., Anthony Van Dyck as a Printmaker, Antwerp, 1999 Goya Harris, T., Goya. Engravings and Lithographs, Oxford, 1964 Wilson-Bareau, J., Goya’s prints: The Tomás Harris collection in the British Museum, London, 1996 Wilson-Bareau, J. & Lehmbeck, L., Goya in the Norton Simon Museum, Pasadena, 2016 McDonald, M., Goya’s Graphic Imagination, New York, 2021 Ingres Delteil, L., Le Peintre-Graveur illustré, XIXe et XXe siècles, 31 vols, Paris, 1906-26 Leyden Jacowitz, E.S. & Stepanek, S.L., The Prints of Lucas van Leyden, Washington, 1983 Wagini, S., Lucas van Leyden, Meister der Druckgraphik, Munich, 2017 Master of the Aachen Madonna Schreiber, W.L., Handbuch der Holz- und Metalschnitte des XV Jahrhunderts, 8 vols, Leipzig, 1926-30